![]() Due to its short- and long-term consequences and costs, delirium has been identified as a research priority by the American Geriatrics Society (AGS) and National Institute on Aging, and a quality-of-care predictor of survival in the Assessing Care of Vulnerable Elders Study (ACOVE). Delirium is also costly, accounting for up to $152 billion in annual US health care expenditures. In hospitalized patients, delirium leads to prolonged length of stay, increased hospital costs, long-term cognitive impairments, prolonged institutionalization, and early death. While predisposing factors such as advanced age, medical comorbidities, and baseline cognitive impairment can predispose patients to delirium, many modifiable precipitating factors also contribute to delirium, including uncontrolled pain, dehydration, and polypharmacy. A sequela of illness, hospitalization, or post-surgical states, delirium complicates up to 11% of emergency department visits, 33% of hospitalizations, and 70% of intensive care unit stays among older adults. We conclude by highlighting areas for future research.ĭelirium, an acute, severe neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by waxing and waning levels of consciousness and periods of inattention and confusion, has gained attention over the past 20 years as a major health problem. This review aims to provide an in-depth overview on this topic, focusing specifically on (1) delirium and (2) poor sleep in older adults (3) the sleep-delirium connection (4) tools to evaluate delirium and sleep and (5) prevention and management of poor sleep and delirium. Interest is growing in the delirium-sleep/wake relationship, in particular their shared characteristics and mechanisms, bidirectional effects, and impact on outcomes in older adults. This knowledge has motivated efforts to better understand and to prevent delirium, highlighting poor sleep, and more specifically sleep/wake disruption, as a common and potentially modifiable risk factor for delirium. This attention has been driven, in part, by the rise in the older adult population, combined with an explosion in research highlighting numerous adverse consequences of delirium, including long-term cognitive, physical and mental health impairments, and early death. Over the past two decades, delirium, in particular in older adults (≥ 65 years old) hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs), has gained substantial attention as a common and major health problem. Not included Available separately Available separately Available separately Onboarding. ![]() Included with license Included with license Included with license Included with license Training and modelling. N Y Y Y Support Software technical support. ![]() agena.ai hosted agena.ai hosted agena.ai hosted Self - hosted APIs Python, R and Java. ![]() SUSM SUSM Floating Floating agena.ai cloud service. 1 end user within single organisation up to 25 end users within single organisation over 25 end users over 25 end users License type agena.ai modeller. 1 user up to 5 users up to 10 concurrent users up to 10 concurrent users agena.ai cloud service end. Developing and deploying cloud - based applications within a single organisation Developing and deploying cloud - based applications for more than 25 end users Developing and deploying self - hosted cloud - based applications for more than 25 end users Licenses agena.ai modeller users. Product type Standard Team Enterprise Enterprise+ Single user for developing models and access to agena.ai cloud service within single organisation.
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